Question 1

What is a Solar Rooftop System?

Accepted Answer

In a solar rooftop system, solar panels are installed on the roof of any residential, commercial, institutional, or industrial building. This can be of three primary types: (i) Grid Connected Solar Rooftop System (without battery storage), (ii) Solar Rooftop System with battery storage facility (Off-Grid), and (iii) Hybrid Solar Rooftop System (Grid Connected along with Battery Storage backup).

Question 2

What is a Grid Connected Solar Rooftop System?

Accepted Answer

In a Grid connected Solar Rooftop PV system, the DC power generated from SPV panels is converted to AC power using a power conditioning unit (inverter). Generated power during daytime is utilized fully for powering facility loads, and excess power is fed into the grid through net metering. A grid-connected system is operational as long as the grid is available. In cases where solar power is insufficient due to cloud cover or night time, loads are served seamlessly by drawing power from the grid, which acts as a virtual storage facility.

Question 3

How Do We Generate Electricity From The Sun?

Accepted Answer

Solar energy systems work when sunlight hits a solar photovoltaic module (solar panel or PV panel) and causes electric current to flow through semiconductor cells. The direct current (DC) produced by the PV panels is controlled and regulated by an inverter, which converts DC into alternating current (AC), needed for operating machinery, commercial equipment, and household appliances.

Question 4

What is a Solar Rooftop System with Storage facility?

Accepted Answer

Such rooftop systems incorporate a battery energy storage facility. The solar electricity generated during daytime sunshine hours is stored in the battery bank and can be utilized during the night or during power cuts when solar generation is not available.

Question 5

When do the batteries come into the picture while installing solar?

Accepted Answer

If you are going for an off-grid or hybrid solar solution, solar batteries are one of the crucial components as they allow you to store the electricity generated by the solar plant and use it in case of power outages or in case of no mains. A good battery provides long backup duration, high cyclic life, and requires minimal maintenance.

Question 6

Does solar power work at night?

Accepted Answer

Solar panels require direct or diffuse sunlight to produce power, so they do not generate electricity at night. However, you can seamlessly get the power you need at night through bidirectional grid net metering (importing grid power offset by daytime export credits) or by installing a battery energy storage system (BESS) charged during daytime hours.

Question 7

What is the lifespan of solar panels?

Accepted Answer

Most Tier-1 solar panels have a lifespan of 25 to 30 years. Their efficiency typically degrades at a very low rate (around 0.5% per year), and modern panels are designed with linear performance warranties guaranteeing 80% to 85% of original rated performance after 25 years.

Question 8

Do solar panels work on cloudy days?

Accepted Answer

Yes, solar panels work on cloudy days or when the sun is not shining as brightly. Power output can be slightly reduced, but the solar panels still produce clean electricity from ambient diffuse radiation to help meet your facility power needs.

Question 9

What is solar EPC?

Accepted Answer

Solar EPC stands for Engineering, Procurement, and Construction. It is a comprehensive, turnkey project delivery model where a single dedicated contractor handles the entire lifecycle of a solar installation: architectural layout, civil & structural engineering, electrical single-line diagrams (SLD), Tier-1 equipment procurement, DISCOM/CEIG statutory liaisoning, grid integration, and testing commissioning.

Question 10

How much electricity can a solar plant generate?

Accepted Answer

In India, a well-engineered solar power plant typically generates 1,300 to 1,550 kWh (units) per kWp annually, translating to approximately 3.6 to 4.2 units per kWp per day. Exact generation depends on geographic global horizontal irradiance (GHI), module tilt angle, shading profiles, inverter efficiency, and thermal degradation characteristics.

Question 11

What does solar O&M include?

Accepted Answer

Comprehensive Operations & Maintenance includes scheduled module cleaning, thermographic drone inspections to identify micro-cracks and hot spots, IV curve tracing, transformer oil dissolved gas analysis (DGA), switchgear contact resistance testing, vegetation control, and 24/7 SCADA cloud performance tracking.

Question 12

How frequently does a solar plant need maintenance?

Accepted Answer

Module soiling cleaning cycles are conducted every 10 to 14 days in industrial or dusty zones (or automated via robotic waterless systems). Inverter and electrical switchgear preventive maintenance is performed quarterly, with annual calibration of protection relays and pyranometers.

Question 13

How is plant performance monitored?

Accepted Answer

Chirayu implements IoT-enabled SCADA telemetry that streams string-level current, voltage, weather station irradiation, ambient temperature, and inverter output to a centralized dashboard, providing automated anomaly alerts and daily generation yield reports.

Question 14

What happens if generation drops?

Accepted Answer

Our remote telemetry detects underperforming strings within minutes. Rapid-response field technicians carry thermal imaging cameras and digital earth testers to isolate module hotspots, blown fuses, inverter fault codes, or grid curtailments, maintaining guaranteed 99%+ plant availability.

Question 15

How does Chirayu handle preventive maintenance?

Accepted Answer

Preventive maintenance follows a digital calendar covering: torquing checks on structural fasteners to withstand 150 km/h wind gusts, insulation resistance (megger) testing of DC cables, earthing pit resistance measurement (< 1 ohm target), and inverter air filter replacements before peak generation seasons.

Question 16

How much maintenance do solar panels require?

Accepted Answer

Solar panels are relatively low-maintenance as they are solid-state and have no moving parts. Regular cleaning to remove dirt and debris, as well as occasional checks on the system’s wiring, inverters, and electrical components, are usually sufficient.

Question 17

What is the typical payback period for solar?

Accepted Answer

For industrial and commercial consumers on high-tariff slabs (₹9.00 to ₹13.00/kWh), the simple payback period for a CAPEX rooftop solar project is typically 2.5 to 3.8 years. After payback, the plant delivers virtually free green electricity for the remaining 20+ years of its design life.

Question 18

What factors affect solar project ROI?

Accepted Answer

Key determinants of ROI include: (1) Current utility base tariff and future tariff escalation rates; (2) Local solar irradiation (GHI) and specific generation yield; (3) System sizing relative to daytime baseload; (4) Quality of Tier-1 equipment minimizing degradation; and (5) Tax depreciation benefits and financing interest rates.

Question 19

What costs should be considered before investing?

Accepted Answer

A holistic financial model accounts for: Initial EPC capital cost (modules, inverters, structures, BOS, grid integration), DISCOM statutory liaisoning and meter fees, annual O&M agreements (~1% to 1.5% of CAPEX), comprehensive insurance coverage, and inverter warranty extension reserves at Year 10–12.

Question 20

How does electricity tariff affect solar savings?

Accepted Answer

Every rupee increase in utility tariff directly magnifies your solar cash savings. While utility power tariffs have historically escalated at 4% to 7% compounded annually in major industrial states, your solar levelized cost of energy (LCOE) is locked at approximately ₹2.50 to ₹3.80/kWh, providing a permanent hedge against inflation.

Question 21

How do Open Access charges affect the economics of a project?

Accepted Answer

In off-site open access projects, state regulatory charges (transmission, wheeling, and loss adjustments) comprise a significant portion of landed costs. Structuring projects under Captive or Group Captive models legally eliminates Cross-Subsidy Surcharge (CSS) and Additional Surcharge (AS), preserving maximum tariff differential and ensuring healthy 18%+ project IRRs.

Question 22

How much do solar panels cost?

Accepted Answer

The price of solar power has dropped drastically over the past decade. Total cost depends on factors such as module brand, roof type, mounting structure, system size, and engineering specifications. Use our Solar Calculator to calculate your potential savings or contact our engineering team for an itemized turnkey quotation.

Question 23

Are there government incentives for installing solar panels?

Accepted Answer

Many governments offer incentives, tax credits, or rebates to encourage the installation of solar panels. In India, central subsidies under PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana provide up to ₹78,000 for residential systems, while commercial and industrial enterprises benefit from 40% accelerated depreciation (AD) and green energy open access surcharge waivers, significantly reducing upfront costs.

Question 24

What battery chemistry does Chirayu Power deploy for BESS?

Accepted Answer

We deploy Tier-1 Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4 / LFP) cells engineered for 6,000+ cycle life, exceptional thermal stability, and non-flammable safety characteristics.

Question 25

Can BESS replace diesel generators entirely?

Accepted Answer

For outages lasting 2 to 4 hours, BESS provides silent, zero-emission backup that triggers in milliseconds. For longer outages, BESS operates alongside DG to drastically reduce fuel burn.

Question 26

What is the typical warranty on an industrial BESS installation?

Accepted Answer

Standard warranties include 10-year cell performance guarantees (guaranteeing minimum 70% residual capacity after 6,000 cycles) and 5-year coverage on PCS inverters and thermal chillers.

Question 27

Can BESS run my whole factory during a power cut?

Accepted Answer

Only if sized for full factory load, which is usually cost-prohibitive. Most industrial designs size storage specifically for critical process lines and essential machinery.

Question 28

Does adding BESS require replacing my existing solar inverters?

Accepted Answer

Not necessarily. An AC-coupled BESS connects directly to your facility main LT switchboard via a dedicated bidirectional inverter, leaving existing solar inverters untouched.

Question 29

How is fire safety managed in an industrial battery container?

Accepted Answer

Containers feature integrated gas detection, deflagration pressure relief vents, thermal barrier cell isolation, and certified aerosol fire suppression systems conforming to NFPA 855.

Question 30

What is C-rate in battery storage?

Accepted Answer

C-rate measures discharge speed relative to capacity. A 1C rate discharges full battery capacity in 1 hour; 0.5C discharges in 2 hours; 2C discharges in 30 minutes.

Question 31

Why is nameplate battery capacity larger than usable capacity?

Accepted Answer

To prevent rapid cell degradation, modern BMS systems enforce a Depth-of-Discharge (DoD) buffer (typically 80% to 90%), leaving a protective reserve at the top and bottom of charge.

Question 32

How do you measure facility peak demand for sizing?

Accepted Answer

We analyze 15-minute or 30-minute automated meter reading (AMR) data logged by your electronic utility meter over 12 consecutive months to identify worst-case peak profiles.

Question 33

Which industries gain the most from industrial solar thermal?

Accepted Answer

Textile processing, industrial laundries, dairies, chemical manufacturing, food processing plants, and hotels with high continuous hot-water consumption.

Question 34

Can solar thermal work alongside an existing boiler?

Accepted Answer

Yes, solar thermal is engineered to preheat feed-water entering existing oil, gas, or biomass boilers, drastically reducing burner fuel burn.

Question 35

What is the efficiency difference between solar thermal and solar PV?

Accepted Answer

Solar thermal converts 60% to 75% of solar radiation directly into heat energy, whereas solar PV operates at 20% to 22% electrical conversion efficiency.

Question 36

What inverter and module tech was deployed for Kirti Solapur?

Accepted Answer

Tier-1 Mono PERC bifacial solar modules paired with centralized high-efficiency inverters and SCADA monitoring.

Question 37

How is annual yield monitored at Latur site?

Accepted Answer

Real-time IoT cloud telemetry logs generation hourly with automated inverter status alerts.

Question 38

How does PM-KUSUM benefit agricultural feeders?

Accepted Answer

It provides reliable daytime electricity to farm pumps, reducing DISCOM distribution losses.

Question 39

What voltage level is used for grid interconnection?

Accepted Answer

Interconnection at 33 kV substation busbar with dedicated vacuum circuit breakers (VCB).

Question 40

Did Simplex Chemopack combine rooftop and ground mounted arrays?

Accepted Answer

Yes, utilizing factory shed roofs alongside contiguous ground space to maximize installed capacity.

Question 41

Can new industrial off-takers acquire capacity at Patur Solar Park?

Accepted Answer

Yes, expansion bays and ongoing project execution allow new off-takers to plug into existing park infrastructure.

Question 42

What payback period was achieved for Chanvim Plastics?

Accepted Answer

Project investment was fully recovered in under 3.2 years through high self-consumption and tax depreciation benefits.

Technology Parameter	LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate)	NMC (Nickel Manganese Cobalt)	Lead-Acid / VRLA
Cycle Life (80% DoD)	6,000 - 8,000 Cycles	2,500 - 4,000 Cycles	1,200 - 1,800 Cycles
Thermal Runaway Risk	Extremely Low (Stable up to 270°C)	Moderate (Requires heavy cooling)	Low (Hydrogen gas risk on overcharge)
Round-Trip Efficiency	90% - 94%	92% - 96%	70% - 80%
Best Industrial Fit	C&I Peak Shaving & Microgrids	Electric Vehicles & Portable Tech	Legacy low-cost UPS systems

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS):Dispatchable Clean Power & Grid Resilience

Discharge stored energy during 15-minute billing peaks.

LiFePO4 Thermal Stability

Millisecond Power Conversion

Uniform Thermal Control

Frequently Asked Questions

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS):Dispatchable Clean Power & Grid Resilience

Store Clean Energy Now, Deploy It On Demand

Primary BESS Deployment Architectures

Discharge stored energy during 15-minute billing peaks.

Critical Engineering Components

LiFePO4 Thermal Stability

Millisecond Power Conversion

Uniform Thermal Control

Frequently Asked Questions